Daoism is a Chinese philosophical and religious system, which is second only to Confucianism in the influence it exerted on Chinese culture. Daoism was founded by Laozi in the sixth century BC. His teachings were passed down orally before they were compiled in the third century BC in a book called the "Classic of the Way and Its Power."

Dao means "way." It is understood that the Dao is the underlying pattern of the universe, which can neither be described in words nor conceived in thought. The goal of Daoism is to bring all elements of existence- heaven, earth, and man- into harmony. To be in accordance with the Dao, the individual must empty himself of doctrines and knowledge, act with simplicity and humility, and above all seek Nature. The idea of turning to Nature for peace and harmony had a great effect on East Asian cultures, especially in the arts, where idealized and imaginary landscapes and natural art forms are profoundly linked to the tenets of Daoism.

Daoism developed as a popular religion in the second century AD, eventually evolving into a church with clergy, liturgies and a pantheon of deities and saints. Adherents believed they could achieve immortality through faith, worship and the intervention of the Immortals. Among the more popular deities were the Queen Mother of the West and the Eight Immortals who were canonized in the twelfth century.

The Eight Daoist Immortals are legendary beings said to have lived at various times and to have attained immortality through their studies of Nature's secrets. The Eight Immortals each represent a different condition in life, such as economic and social position, age, and gender. In art, their costumes and attributes can identify the Daoist Immortals. Their distinctive, often-humorous appearance has made the Immortals, either as a group or individually, one of the most popular subjects in Asian art.